Precision medicine is about promoting preventive, dia-gnostic and curative medicine that is more effective, with fewer side effects and less expensive, based on individual, genetic, environmental and lifestyle characteristics. Modern genetics (pan-genomic analyzes and sequencing of the human genome) allows the progressive founding of this 21st century medicine. Diabetes and obesity were among the first frequent diseases to pave the way for the personalized medicine of tomorrow. The Lille research teams played a pioneering role in this process. Se-veral examples will be given during the conference illustrating the promises of precision medicine.